Making a Hajj is one of the obligations that make a Muslim man or woman receive the title of Hajji or Hajjat onto their name series. Participating in this holy pilgrimage at least once in one’s lifetime is a major obligation for all able-bodied Muslims with financial capability.
It’s estimated that close to three million Muslims globally partake in the six-day ritual annually in Mecca, western Saudi Arabia – the holiest city for Muslims.
Hajj occurs in the 12th month of the Islamic lunar calendar, called Dhul-Hijjah, between the eighth and 13th days of the month.
While the specific rituals carried out by Muslims today date back to the Prophet Muhammad’s “farewell pilgrimage” in 632 AD, travelling to Mecca was a sacred annual rite for Arabian tribes centuries before the advent of Islam.
According to Islamic tradition, the Kaaba, a black silk-clad stone structure at the heart of the Grand Mosque in Mecca – was built by the Prophet Abraham in biblical times.
This year, Travelport – a technology company serving the global travel industry released global trends in the 2019 Hajj flight bookings ahead of the holy ritual to be performed in Mecca.
Flight booking figures according to Travelport indicate that African countries represent 20% of international bookings where Morocco comes in with the highest growth interms of volume; Cameroon is also quickly growing while Uganda, Niger, South Africa, Gambia, Gabon and Kenya are gradually increasing as well.
Travelport research – reveals that progressive flight bookings to airports nearby the holy city of Mecca have improved from Asia, Europe and Oceania whereas bookings from North America are flat on last year and travel from South America and Africa is slightly down on 2018 numbers.
Each single year, more than one million Muslims from all over the globe fly to Mecca to perform Hajj1, making it the biggest annual spikes in international air traffic.
To manage numbers from overseas, Saudi Arabia sets quotas for countries based on their Muslim population. Local governments and licensed private travel companies then begin allocating places for citizens.
As part of its study, Travelport analyzed bookings made through all global distribution systems (GDS) to King Abdulaziz International Airport, Ta’if Regional Airport and Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz International Airport, as of Tuesday 21 July 2019, arriving from Tuesday 9 July 2019 to Thursday 8 August 2019. The company then ran comparable data for last year’s Hajj, so trends could be identified.
Damian Hickey, Global Vice President and Global Head of Air Travel Partners at Travelport, said: “There are many things that influence the decision to travel, especially when it comes to something as personal as performing the Hajj. For some, economic conditions and increased allocations from the government in Saudi Arabia could make this year the ideal time for this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. Others may be looking at their situation and thinking that it might be better to wait; this diversity of push and pull factors was certainly evident in the travel trends that we’ve seen around the globe.”
Africa – According to Travelport’s analysis of available data, flight bookings made via GDS to airports around Mecca from Africa were down by 17% this year. This was largely due to a decrease in the number of bookings made in Egypt (-17%). However, the North African country did still record the greatest number of flight bookings through a GDS out of any country globally (49,477).
Morocco experienced the greatest growth in Africa this year by volume, with an increase of 1,078 bookings (+34%) following a letter from monarch, King Mohammed VI, urging the nation’s pilgrims to positively represent the country at Hajj this year. 2
In percentage terms, the fastest-growing market was Cameroon with an over 12-fold increase in bookings (up by 503; +1143%).
1 https://www.dailysabah.com/religion/2018/08/13/14-million-muslims-arrive-in-saudi-arabia-for-hajj-pilgrimage 2 https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2019/07/279348/king-mohammed-vi-saudi-arabia-pilgrimage/
Notable increases were also seen in Niger (bookings up 870; +110%), South Africa (bookings up 674; +33%) Nigeria (bookings up 520; +21%), Uganda (bookings up 222; +383%), Gambia (bookings up 159; +289%), Kenya (bookings up 151; +33%), and Gabon (bookings up 149; +784%).
Overall, bookings made in Africa represented 20% of total bookings globally.
Asia – Asia recorded the greatest growth in flight bookings made through GDS to airports around Mecca this year in terms of volume, with bookings up by 11,284 (+5%).
On a country level, the greatest growth came from Bangladesh, with bookings up by 13,906 (+171%). The South Asian country is one of five countries (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Malaysia and Tunisia) benefiting from the Mecca Route initiative, a new service offering immigration pre-clearance for pilgrims at their points of embarkation.
The United Arab Emirates recorded the second highest rise, up 3,981 (+17%); followed by Qatar, up 3,278 (+217%), a country where pilgrims can now register for their Hajj using dedicated ‘electronic gates’.
Hickey added: “In recent years we have seen an increase in efforts to introduce policies and technologies that make the Hajj, which has often been compared to hosting an Olympics Games each year, a more convenient experience for the global Islamic community. Our analysis suggests that these initiatives may well be having a tangible impact, which is encouraging from a technological standpoint.”
The greatest number of flight bookings made through GDS in Asia were made in India (44,611).
Overall, bookings made in Asia represented 64% of total bookings globally.
Europe – Europe was shown in the analysis to have recorded the second greatest growth in flight booking volume through GDS to airports around Mecca this year, with bookings up by 1,966 (+6%).
The greatest growth and greatest volume of bookings were registered in the United Kingdom, which was up by 2,237 (+13%) to 19,798, though this does represent a slowdown in the 47% growth seen in 2018. The second and third greatest increases in the region were all recorded off low bases from Bosnia and Herzegovina, up 562 (+173%), and Sweden, up 310 (+168%).
Unlike Muslim-majority nations, countries with a minority Muslim population in the West are not subject to the same Hajj quota of 1,000 pilgrims per million of population.3
Overall bookings made in Europe represented 10% of total bookings globally.
The Americas – 3 https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/conversation-how-globalization-transformed-mecca-pilgrimage-market
Advanced flight bookings from North America made through GDS to airports around Mecca were flat this year (bookings up by 221; +1%). The country that saw the greatest surge was Canada, with bookings up by 1,362 (+39%). The largest number of bookings were once again made in the United States (15,854).
South America saw a drop in flight bookings through GDS this year, with volume down 27%, albeit off a low base. The country with the most bookings was Brazil (52 bookings). An estimated 200 Brazilians are expected to travel to perform Hajj this year.4
Overall, bookings made in the Americas represented 6% of total bookings globally. Oceania Flight bookings made through GDS to airports around Mecca from Oceana were up 1,705 (+204%) this year. The rise can be attributed to a jump in bookings from Australia, up 238% to 2,344, from 1,650 in the previous year, while at least 200 pilgrims have been invited to participate in Hajj from New Zealand.5
Overall, bookings made in Oceana represented less than 1% of total bookings globally.
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